INTRODUCTION TO INDONESIAN GEOSTRATEGY
by: Zaedun, S.Sos
1. The Meaning and Essence of Indonesian Geostrategy.
The survival of the Indonesian nation and state essentially requires the mobilization of available resources, including geography, demography, and natural resources (SKA). With this basic capital and supported by mastery of science and technology and the enforcement of legal certainty, it is hoped that the implementation of national development can achieve its goals appropriately, effectively, and efficiently in long-term, medium-term, and short-term programs. On this basis, a development plan is needed with control over time, space, tools, and conditions through political policies and national strategies. The success of a strategy in utilizing national space appropriately by empowering all national strengths is a manifestation of spatial awareness (space consciousness) completely and consistently.
Geostrategy is geopolitics, the implementation of which involves the policy of determining objectives, means, and the use of these means to achieve national goals by utilizing the constellation of a country. As a strategy that utilizes the geographical and spatial constellation in which the Indonesian nation is located, it is always used to foster or manage existing resources in a plan and action that reaches the future by taking into account various existing factors. Thus, geostrategy is the formulation of a national strategy by taking into account geographical conditions and constellations as its main factors, in addition to paying attention to social, cultural, population, natural resources, regional and international environmental conditions. National geostrategy can be formulated in the concept of national resilience. This concept is the embodiment of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution in all aspects of life in an integrated, complete and comprehensive manner guided by the archipelagic outlook, so that this concept is a means of realizing national resilience. So, if the archipelagic outlook is Indonesia's geopolitics, here national resilience is its geostrategy, namely as an effort to realize the archipelagic outlook.
Geostrategy is also a strategy that utilizes environmental conditions in efforts to realize the ideals of the proclamation and national goals. Indonesia's geostrategy provides guidance on how to design development strategies to achieve a better, safer, and more prosperous future. Therefore, Indonesia's geostrategy is not geopolitics for political and war purposes, but rather for the interests of prosperity and security.
2. Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia and its Impact on Security and Welfare.
Geographically, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic country, with a coastline of 95.181 km. Indonesia's territorial area includes its EEZ. + 7,4 million km2 which consists of a land area of 1,9 million km2 and 5,5 km of ocean area2. The landscape has geographical characteristics that require policies and strategies with a welfare approach (prosperity) and security (security), especially the preparation of strategic compartments for the interests of defense and security in all aspects of national life, both natural and social aspects. Indonesia is an archipelagic country located at the crossroads of the world and has abundant natural resources and is a national potential. Management of natural resources, if implemented properly, will be able to form a strong national resilience. Indonesia's natural resources are all natural resources and potential on the surface as well as the potential contained in the earth, water and aerospace which in their original form can be utilized for the welfare and defense of the country. Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution states that the earth, water and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people. Management of natural resources is carried out to obtain the greatest benefit from all available natural resource potential to continuously improve the welfare and prosperity of the nation and the people of Indonesia based on the Archipelago Outlook.
INDONESIA'S GEOSTRATEGIC VIEW
3. Geostrategy in the Order of Thought in Indonesia.
The strength and resilience of the nation is very necessary in maintaining the living space or sovereign territory of the State, especially in determining imaginary boundaries (frontier) from foreign influence or across state borders legally (Boundary) against the Indonesian people. In this regard, the role of the central government is very necessary to eliminate the problem precisely, quickly and safely to eliminate the problem so that it does not develop into a political realm that could threaten the desire to separate from the border region. Responding to this situation, the government is obliged to build a national security and welfare system through efforts to improve and stabilize the dynamic conditions of national life as a geostrategic step by deploying all national resources to control the situation, space and time.
Geostrategy in the realm of Indonesian thought is an idea or basic idea that is the beginning of a system of thought that ultimately takes the form of real action. In a society that is based on the state commitment The founders of this Republic, the idea that served as a common reference was the formation of a society based on family with attributes of conduct as generally applicable among Eastern societies, furthermore the basic idea must be used as a reference for the nation's society in conducting itself, then it can be said that it has changed from an idea to an operational outlook on life, and if the outlook on life is given a scientific framework and clearly codified then a national philosophy is formed. In relation to that, if the national philosophy is used as the foundation of the state, it will be realized as a state ideology. For Indonesia, the national outlook on life, the national philosophy, and the state ideology are all given the same name, namely Pancasila. For other nations / countries this is not the case, each has a different name to reduce confusion. Not all countries have a state ideology because it is not one of the requirements for the establishment of a state. However, for countries that have an ideology, it will always be used as a reference for all existing systems and the behavior of its society. If we carefully consider our state ideology, it's not a lengthy scientific explanation, but rather a set of guidelines that define the corridors within which our societal dynamics are expected to operate. From this perspective, it can also be interpreted that the five principles are more of a description of national ideals than a detailed and scientific summary of thought or philosophy.
As a collection of ideals, they must be pursued and strived for so that they can be gradually realized. For example, the principle of Indonesian Unity. Our current situation is indeed very far from that ideal, but that doesn't mean it can't be realized in the future, no matter when. That is an ideal, the achievement of which is one. never ending goal.
4. Indonesia's Geostrategy in Realizing the Ideals of the Proclamation.
In the current situation, the development of globalization has become an inevitability that cannot be ignored. All countries in the world, including Indonesia, have become part of the globalization process, resulting in the challenges of national and state life being tied to global interests and eroding nationalism.nationalism state). If this phenomenon is not addressed wisely and cautiously, it will backfire on national interests in the future. In light of this dynamic, geostrategy is being implemented in Indonesia as a method to realize the ideals of the proclamation, as stated in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution, through national development.
Learning from historical experience, all elements of the nation need to realize that various separatist events, ethnic conflicts and SARA incidents that threaten the nation's integrity and result in loss of life, property and prolonged trauma need not be repeated. Based on that, on the one hand, Indonesia needs leaders, institutions and their staff who are strong, professional, possess moral integrity, character, are respected and can be emulated by the community, while on the other hand, all elements of society need to have sensitivity, ability and capability, be wise and clever in restraining themselves in facing provocation through money politics so that the Indonesian nation has complete national resilience.
The community, with all its resources and infrastructure, must be fostered to be resilient and tenacious to resist various divisive forces against the nation and state. The spirit of mutual cooperation, willingness to sacrifice, and courage to face every threat, whether external or internal, will form a network of strength to maintain national integration. If all this potential is empowered earnestly and consistently to realize the ideals of the Proclamation, which are based on Pancasila, then the development strategy will move toward a better, safer, and more prosperous future.
REFERENCES
Alfian, 1992,”Pancasila as an Ideology in Political Life”, in “Pancasila as an Ideology”, Jakarta: BP7 Center.
Elly M.Setiadi, Dra., M.Si. Lecture Guide, Pancasila Education for Higher Education.
Kartodirjo, Sartono, 1993, “History of the National Movement, from Colonialism to Nationalism", Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Latif, Yudi, 2011, “"The Perfect State of Historicity, Rationality, and Actuality of Pancasila", Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Notonagoro, 1974, Pancasila as the Basic Philosophy of the State, Jakarta, Pantjuran Tudjuh.
Geostrategy and Tannas Working Group. 2012. Indonesian Geostrategy Module. Lemhannas RI.
Geopolitics and Archipelago Working Group. 2012. Archipelago Insight Module. National Resilience Institute of the Republic of Indonesia.
Santosa, Kholid O., 2007, A New Paradigm for Understanding Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, Bandung, Sega Arsy.
Source of law:
Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution Post-Amendment
Republic of Indonesia Law No. 17 of 2007 concerning the 2005 – 2025 RPJP.
Internet Source:
[available online] http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai (March 31, 2012)
