THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN ERADICATION AND COMBAT OF CORRUPTION

THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN ERADICATION AND

CORRUPTION COMBAT[1]

 

Sherly Adam

 

A.  Introduction

Corruption is a crime that attracts widespread public attention. Since the reform era, corruption has consistently garnered attention and serious attention. The seriousness of eradicating corruption is crucial because it diminishes citizens' rights and causes misery among the people. Various studies show that corruption has damaged the very foundations of social life and abridged people's rights to prosperity.

Corruption in Indonesia continues to increase year after year. Corruption has become widespread in society, both in terms of the number of cases and the amount of state losses, as well as in terms of the quality of the crimes committed, which are increasingly systematic and encompass all aspects of society. (Evi Hartanti: 2002)

Corruption also poses a threat to the principles of democracy, which uphold transparency, accountability, and integrity, as well as the security and stability of the Indonesian nation. Corruption is a systematic crime that is detrimental to sustainable development, thus requiring comprehensive, systematic, and continuous prevention and eradication measures at both the national and international levels. Efficient and effective prevention and eradication of corruption requires the support of good governance and international cooperation, including the recovery of assets derived from corruption.

The criminal act of corruption is very detrimental to state finances or the country's economy and hinders national development, so it must be eradicated in order to realize a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The consequences of the criminal acts of corruption that have occurred so far, apart from being detrimental to state finances or the country's economy, also hinder the growth and continuity of national development which demands high efficiency.  

National Development aims to realize a complete Indonesian human being and an Indonesian society as a whole that is just, prosperous, prosperous, and orderly based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution; to realize a just, prosperous, and prosperous Indonesian society, it is necessary to continuously increase efforts to prevent and eradicate criminal acts in general and criminal acts of corruption in particular.

Corruption will foster other types of crime in society. Through corruption, ordinary citizens, state officials, bureaucrats, and even law enforcement officers can bend the law. In Indonesia, corruption must be seen as an extraordinary, systemic crime, and an epidemic with widespread impact. (Juniver Girsang: 2012)

If Corruption is an extraordinary crime that can be called extraordinary crimes Therefore, efforts to eradicate it should be extraordinary. One effort that can be made is to encourage the law to play a role in creating control to obtain information and transparency regarding bureaucratic behavior, namely by trying to transform a closed bureaucracy into an open and transparent one. (Mien Rukmini: 2006) 

Comprehensive efforts are needed to overcome corruption, namely through efforts to develop a legal system, because basically corruption is a systematic crime that is closely related to power as explained by Indriyanto Seno Adji, (Indriyanto Seno Adji: 2001) "This form of structural crime is what includes the format of corruption as part of organized crime. Corruption that has hit almost the entire world is a structural crime that includes a good system, organization, and structure so that corruption becomes very strong in the context of political and social behavior."

Corruption is an act that harms the public interest or the wider community for personal or group gain. Corruption can occur due to various factors, such as low income, the presence of opportunity, and also external factors such as persuasion from others or a lack of self-control. Corruption is very detrimental to both the people and the state. Most corruptors are government officials who are entrusted with trust and authority, but many abuse it. The impact of corruption can change all aspects of society, including the economy, society, and culture. Efforts to eradicate and overcome corruption must begin with individuals, through the family, and extend to the community, encouraging compliance with government regulations.

One way to involve the community, starting from families, NGOs, state administrators, law enforcement anti-corruption enthusiasts is to know early how corruption techniques (modus operandi) are carried out. Therefore, according to Surachmin and Suhandi Cahaya, the prevention and eradication of corruption can be more effective because the general public will know the symptoms or indications of an act in the management of state or public finances or private finances that will lead to corruption. (Surachmin and Suhandi Cahaya: 2010).

The family is the first and foremost educational institution in society, because it is in the family that humans are born and develop into adults. The form, content, and methods of education within the family will always influence the growth and development of the character, morals, and personality of each individual. The education received within the family is what children will use as a foundation for their further education at school. (Ihsan, Fuad: 2003), Anti-corruption education should be instilled in every family member.

Corruption is an act that harms the public interest or the wider community for personal or group gain. Corruption can occur due to various factors, such as low income, the presence of opportunity, and also external factors such as persuasion from others, or a lack of self-control. Corruption is very detrimental to the people and the state. Most corruptors are government officials who are given trust and authority, but many abuse it. The impact of corruption can change all aspects of society, such as the economy, social, and culture. Efforts to eradicate and overcome corruption must begin with individuals, through the family, and ultimately extend to society, ensuring compliance with government regulations. Therefore, this paper examines the role of the family in eradicating and overcoming corruption.

B.  Discussion

The Indonesian government has made efforts to eradicate corruption by establishing various special units and implementing various policies to reduce opportunities for corruption. However, after more than a decade of anti-corruption efforts, the Corruption Perception Index, which reflects the level of corruption in Indonesia, shows staggering figures. Indonesia remains the most corrupt country in Southeast Asia. The threat of the death penalty for corruption is even currently being touted, but existing statistics show that corruption remains high and is even increasingly blatant, extending from the community service sector at the village level to the central government.

Corruption is likened to a chain of interconnected links, and this is what makes it seemingly endless. To facilitate our understanding and understanding of the causes of corruption, it is necessary to formulate a formula that will help us understand and comprehend the factors that cause corruption.

1. Intention and Opportunity

Intentions will be carried out when a conducive environment exists, creating an opportunity for corruption. Conversely, a conducive environment can give rise to intentions to commit illegal acts, including corruption.

Intention is an internal factor within a person's heart or self. This factor is caused by a person's mental weakness, namely dishonesty, greed, and arrogance, and is related to a person's weak level of faith and devotion to God Almighty.

Apart from internal factors within a person, there are also factors outside a person that can cause that person to commit acts of corruption, namely:

a. Weak laws and regulations mean that there are many loopholes that corruptors can exploit, so they are not worried about being caught by the law and because of the light sentences handed down to corruptors;

b. Weak supervision carried out by the parties responsible for carrying out supervision, both supervision carried out within the agency and supervision carried out outside the agency, and also weak public supervision; and

c. Monopolization of power by corruptors, most of whom are people who lead or work in public service agencies.

Factors that create loopholes or things that lead someone to commit corruption include internal factors (faith and morals) and external factors, namely the surrounding environment, political, economic, socio-cultural, and legal aspects. The most important factor is the existence of loopholes to commit such acts.

2. Monopolistic Power and Authority, and Weak Accountability
Power tends to encourage corruption. Absolute power will lead to widespread corruption. Absolutism will not arise if society has a high level of social awareness and critical efforts to control power.

Corruption will occur if the risks involved are low. The opportunity for corruption will be wide open if legal instruments are weak and existing laws lack strict sanctions for violators. Low legal sanctions provide opportunities for anyone to engage in corruption.

3. Network Approach

The corruption network involves political elites consisting of executive leaders, political party elites, high-ranking officials in judicial institutions and business circles.

The difficulty of eradicating corruption is because law enforcement officers are often in a dilemma, therefore the corruption network is difficult to penetrate from within, because the corruption, collusion and nepotism between businessmen, politicians and law enforcement officers is very strong, and also corruption is difficult to eradicate from the outside because law enforcement officers can provide small-time criminals to be sacrificed.

4. Pillars of National Integration or Nation

National or national integrity is the process of reunifying cultural and social groups into a single national territory. In an integration system, officials and institutions must distance themselves from a top-down system of oversight and transform this system into a horizontal system of oversight, a system of distributed power where no power is monopolized by vested interests.

Several studies on corruption have identified several reasons or motivations for people to commit corruption. One of these is family pressure. This reason ranks first, followed by societal pressure and systemic reasons. As the primary reason for corruption, the family plays a crucial role. When the family becomes a reason for someone to commit corruption, it should play a crucial role in eradicating corruption.

How to optimize the family's important role. Several prerequisites exist for families to play a role in eradicating corruption. Currently, the biggest obstacle to optimizing the family's role is a lack of knowledge about corruption. Whether they admit it or not, the public generally learns of someone's involvement in a corruption case only when the media reports them as suspects. Until such time as there's no reporting, almost everyone remains unaware. Even those who do know only suspect the case and are afraid to report it to the authorities because they can't provide strong evidence in the eyes of the law. This includes family members.

Lack of public awareness is also a contributing factor to the proliferation of corruption in this country. It turns out that society respects the wealthy more than those with achievements. They are even less concerned about where the rich obtain their wealth. As long as the rich are good to the community, willing to contribute more to building roads, mosques, churches, and ceremonial events in their communities, even if they are corrupt, they will hold a position of honor. This is what prevents the social sanctions system from functioning properly, so even those who commit corruption remain unscathed.

To optimize the role of society, especially families, in eradicating corruption, it is very necessary to provide education about corruption to the community. This is homework that the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) should be doing. The KPK has a prevention commission. This division should be intensively educating the public about corruption and its dangers, teaching them how to recognize and identify corruptors in their respective communities, and teaching them how to behave toward them. Because many corruptors today hide behind their kindness to those around them, even though they likely only share a small portion of what they embezzle with the community.

Many people say that corruption is an acute, ingrained, and ingrained disease in our society, even considered a culture. However, once the public understands corruption and the dangers it causes, they will undoubtedly hate it. Therefore, providing a correct understanding of corruption to the public, especially the general public, is crucial. absolute to eradicate corruption. Because corruption is a culture, combating it is impossible without direct community involvement.

Former Deputy Chairman of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) Busyro Muqoddas emphasized the crucial role of the family in eradicating corruption. Not only wives or husbands, but also children and parents play a crucial role. "If a family member commits corruption, who will bear the shame? Everyone will be affected: children, husbands, wives, and parents." Busyro, the most prominent is the role of the wife, because it is possible that a husband who was initially anti-corruption, could fall into it because of her persuasion. As a wife, according to Busyro, must be able to help prevent, remind, or even prevent her husband from committing acts of corruption. (Busyro Moqoddas: 2013)

The family is the primary educational institution in society, as it is within this family that humans are born and develop into adults. The form, content, and methods of education within the family will always influence the growth and development of each individual's character, morals, and personality. The education received within the family is what children will use as the foundation for their subsequent education at school. (Ihsan, Fuad: 2003)

Therefore, within the family (husband, wife, children, and parents), it is necessary to instill anti-corruption values, including honesty, caring, independence, discipline, responsibility, hard work, simplicity, courage, and justice. Below is an explanation of each anti-corruption value that can be instilled in each family member, including:

1. Honesty can be defined as being honest, not lying, and not cheating. Honesty is a very important trait for family life. Without honesty in the family between husband, wife, children, and parents, there will be no trust in their social life. The value of honesty in the family, which is colored by a sense of togetherness and a sense of belonging to one another, is very necessary. The value of honesty is like a currency that is valid everywhere, including in family life. If a family member is proven to have committed dishonest acts, both in the household and social sphere, then others will always feel hesitant to trust that family member. As a result, family members will always have difficulty in establishing relationships with others. This will also cause discomfort for others because they always feel suspicious of the person who is seen to be cheating or dishonest.

2. The value of caring is very important for family members and in society. If a child as a family member is a future leader, he has a sense of caring for his environment, both within the family and outside the family environment. A child's sense of caring must be cultivated since the child grows and develops in the family, children are taught to care for their father, mother and siblings, care for the environment around them. The form of caring is by not cheating on others, for example when at school not cheating during exams, a child in making class financial reports honestly.

3. The value of independence can be interpreted as a process of self-maturation, namely by not relying on others to carry out their duties and responsibilities. This is important for the future where each family member must manage their life and the people under their responsibility because it is impossible for someone who cannot be independent (manage themselves) to be able to manage the lives of others. With this independent character, each family member is required to carry out all responsibilities with their own efforts and not have others carry out those responsibilities.

4. Discipline. Managing family and community life requires discipline. Discipline doesn't necessarily mean living like a military, but rather a disciplined family life where each member can organize and manage their time effectively. For example, parents will have more confidence in their children who are disciplined in their studies.

5. Responsibility. If each family member has a sense of responsibility in carrying out their respective tasks, for example, if a child is given responsibility by their parents to do housework, the child will carry out the task well and with a full sense of responsibility.

6. Modest. A lifestyle that is not luxurious, guarding the heart and soul from showing off, envy, wanting to be praised, arrogance, and so on by not doing things that can give rise to words of arrogance, showing off, or envy, such as frequently changing cars.

7. Courage. Developing courage to defend one's family members' beliefs and convictions requires hard work, appreciating the process, not just the outcome, not taking shortcuts, and diligently studying to achieve what one desires.

8. Justice. Justice, as the word implies, means equal weight, impartiality, and impartiality. Students can develop the value of courage in their lives on and off campus. This can be demonstrated, among other things, by having the courage to speak and defend the truth, admit mistakes, take responsibility, and so on.

In addition, the form of the family's role in eradicating criminal acts of corruption as individuals must start from oneself by increasing faith and piety to God Almighty, so as not to fall into and intend not to carry out actions that deviate from existing norms, especially religious norms, because all events or actions begin with intentions within the individual (society). If the fortress of faith and piety is very strong, and the intention is firm not to do things that smell of corruption, then all forms of ugliness or badness that exist and opportunities to do things related to acts of corruption will be difficult to enter into us because faith and piety have been embedded, as well as good intentions because of God Almighty and fear of Him.

In relation to religious norms, internal self-control is essential to prevent someone from engaging in harmful behavior within society. Internal control is self-control. Many things can be done to improve internal control, such as practicing religious observance, increasing one's understanding of corruption, and understanding the impacts of corruption, the risks involved in engaging in corruption, and the dangers of corruption for ourselves, our families, and the wider community.

The prerequisite for success in preventing and overcoming corruption is the commitment of the entire community, starting from families, NGOs, state administrators, law enforcement to not commit reprehensible acts has been manifested in various forms of provisions and laws and regulations. However, eradicating corruption is not enough to be done only with commitment because preventing and overcoming corruption is not an easy job. This commitment must be actualized in the form of a comprehensive strategy to minimize the causes and impacts of corruption. This strategy includes preventive, detective, and repressive aspects, which are implemented intensively and continuously and consistently without discrimination. Preventive Strategy, aimed at preventing corruption by eliminating or removing the factors that cause or provide opportunities for corruption to occur. Detective Strategy, directed to identify the occurrence of acts of corruption, Repressive Strategy, where repressive handling is basically a follow-up to deviations discovered from detective steps.

 

C.  Closing Event

Corruption is an act that violates general societal norms. Corruption in Indonesia is considered an extraordinary crime. Corruption has a massive impact on all areas, both in the administration of the state and the economy of society, so the role of all parties is essential to combat it. Families, as components of society that will continue the continuity of state and societal governance in the future, must be prepared from an early age to have an anti-corruption attitude, starting from their educational environment. Therefore, within the family (husband, wife, children, and parents), it is necessary to instill anti-corruption values ​​​​that include honesty, caring, independence, discipline, responsibility, hard work, simplicity, courage, and justice. In addition, the form of the family's role in eradicating criminal acts of corruption as individuals must begin with the individual by increasing faith and piety in God Almighty, so as not to fall into and intend to not commit actions that deviate from existing norms, especially religious norms, because all events or actions begin with intentions within the individual (society). Indeed, seeing the current corruption phenomenon, it seems very difficult to eradicate the widespread corruption in this country, but it is the responsibility of all Indonesian people to eradicate it because eradicating corruption is not only the responsibility of the KPK (Corruption Eradication Commission).

 

READING LIST

Evi Hartanti, Corruption Crime, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2012.

Indriyanto Seno Adji, Corruption and Criminal Law, 1st edition, Jakarta, 2001.

Ihsan, Fuad, Basics of Education, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2003.

Juniver GirsangAbuse of Power by Law Enforcement Officers in Handling Corruption Crimes, JG Publishing, Jakarta, 2012.

Mien Rukmini, Aspects of Criminal Law and Criminology (Anthology), Alumni, Bandung, 2006.

Surachmin and Suhandi Cahaya, Corruption Strategies and Techniques, To Know and Prevent, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2010.

Busyro Moqoddas: Corruption Shames Wife and Children, Reporter: Arie Sunaryo merdeka.com, Accessed on March 12, 2013.

Anti-Corruption Education Book, Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Higher Education, 2011.